AlphaSim B-2A Spirit Reference

The Northrop B-2A is a highly-sophisticated strategic bomber with unlimited range using in-flight refueling.  Even without refueling, the aircraft has a mission range of over 6,000 nautical miles.  It is the most advance strategic bomber in the world, virtually undetectable by any conventional means.  The radar signature of this aircraft is about the same as small bird, making it indistinguishable from birds until it is only 8-10 miles from the target.  And by that time, it is far too late for any response.

The "Spirit" can deliver both conventional and nuclear munitions, and can release those munitions in a variety of ways, from altitudes of around 5,000 feet to much higher.  It can place conventional JDAM munitions within 50 feet of a target using extremely sophisticated target acquisition technology.  Its ability to penetrate enemy defenses undetected makes it the most potent strategic deterrent of the 21st century.

The B-2A has a crew of two highly-trained and qualified pilots.  The left seat is occupied by the pilot and the right by the aircraft commander.  Both are equally qualified to fly the aircraft.  An all-glass, MFD-equipped panel allows either pilot to view aircraft information with ease.  With only one refueling, a B-2A can circle the globe, and missions of up to 50 hours are possible.  The cockpit is large enough for a cot and small portable toilet.  Automatic flight systems allow completely hands-off flight for extended periods, letting the crew "power-nap" as needed until close to the target.

Flight Characteristics

The B-2A is controlled by a quadruplex fly-by-wire system.  No trimming of any kind is ever required.  Fuel is automatically and constantly transferred to maintain the optimal center of gravity for zero-drag cruise.  Regardless of the airspeed, the aircraft cruises at a nearly level attitude to obtain the lowest possible drag coefficient.  This is achieved through computer manipulation of the aircraft's center of gravity.

The aircraft is neutrally stable about all three axes.  It will tend to stay at any pitch or bank angle once positioned there.  The aircraft can be flown much like a modern airliner and has similar flying characteristics, once in flight, to modern jetliners such as the Airbus 340.  Compared to the B-52, it is quite agile, but compared to the B-1B, it has been called a "Mack Truck".  Despite its futuristic appearance, the B-2 is not an ultra-maneuverable aircraft.  In fact, aerobatics are not possible due to the very limited angle of attack used by the aircraft.  The rate of roll is comparable to a medium-size jetliner.  The B-2A is in fact a very expensive truck, and should be flown as one.  Slow, deliberate maneuvers are the rule here.  It has but one mission: to deliver weapons with complete stealth.  Its maximum speed is high subsonic and once spotted by any fighter aircraft the B-2A would have no chance of escaping unless a fighter escort was present to protect it.

There are no flaps, the flying wing being of a very large surface area and having a very high lift/drag ratio.  By comparison, the B-2A can carry the same size payload as fast and far as the B-52H, but weighs 50 tons less.

In Flight Simulator, the B-2A might be considered the ultimate long-distance aircraft.  With a full fuel load, it can cover well over 6,000 nautical miles at moderately high altitudes.  At high altitude (50,000 feet), the B-2A can travel over 13,000 nautical miles on a full fuel load.

Aircraft Limitations

The Cockpit

The B-2A is equipped with a custom-made, multi-MFD glass cockpit.  Every bit of information needed for flight and then some can be found by using the various MFDs.  Each MFD display can be cycled through various sub-displays.  The buttons next to the information on these sub-displays activate or change parameters, similar to that of an automatic teller machine.  Experiment with these buttons to find out how each display functions.  An overview of these displays follows.  The panel includes standard backup gauges for all important functions: attitude, vertical speed, altitude, and airspeed as well as an analog backup to the radar altimeter.  It also includes an analog clock which can be used to adjust the simulation rate and a dimmer knob that can be used to adjust the brightness for night flying.

Primary Flight Display

This provides all the usual information needed, such as indicated/true airspeed in knots, indicated Mach number, vertical speed, attitude, radio altimeter, heading, altimeter setting, altitude, and so on.  This display cannot be cycled and will always be active unless the power is cut.

Engine Condition - 1

This display provides information on N1 and N2 rpm as well as other aspects of engine performance.  It also has annunciators for airbrake and gear position.  The amber sliders show the actual throttle slider position as compared to engine rpm.  N2 rpm is used as a reference for power settings.

Engine Condition - 2

This screen is accessed by clicking on the button next to the "2" on the main engine display.  It gives real-time analog and digital data on oil temperature, oil pressure and exhaust gas temperature.

Controls Display

This screen shows the position of the trim controls.  Normally trim should not be need for this aircraft.  Clicking on the arrows adjacent to each trim sub-display increases or decrease the trim for that axis.  Landing gear position is also displayed.

System Display

This screen shows the status of lights and generators as well as providing an analog and digital readout of amperage and voltage displays.  It also provides information on hydraulic pressure.

Electrical Switches and Controls

There are the normal switches for avionics, lights, generators, and so forth on the throttle panel.  There is also a three-position rotary switch that selects between battery OFF, ON, and EMERGENCY.  If all four generators and the battery fail, the MFDs will go dark.  However, by switching to the emergency position, the backup instruments will work, allowing VFR flight.

Fuel Display

This display is very useful.  It shows how much fuel is in each wing tank as well as total fuel.  By using the buttons, the amount of total fuel will be toggled to show either pounds or gallons.  The total fuel flow can also be toggled for pounds or gallons.  Each engine's fuel flow can also be displayed by using the up/down arrows on the lower left to scroll through each powerplant.  On the lower right are two buttons, one toggles between gallons and pounds and the other toggles between remaining range and remaining endurance with the fuel on board.  All fuel management is handled automatically, therefore no fuel selector is available.  The program will automatically drain the outermost tanks first and then work its way inward.  The center, amber tank display is total fuel and the blue displays are for the individual wing tanks.  There is also a center fuel tank; its contents are not displayed separately but are combined with the total fuel display.

Weapons Display

This display indicates whether the bay doors are open or closed and which weapon has been selected.  Bay doors can be opened and closed and weapons can be selected and armed as shown in the second image.  The selected weapons can even be "dropped" by using the release button.  (No weapons will actually be seen to drop from the aircraft but they will disappear from the screen).

Autopilot Display

All normal autopilot functions can be selected and assigned using this screen.  Use the select and increment/decrement buttons to adjust the autopilot.  A secondary annunciator light for the autopilot also appears on the PFD and can be used to turn the autopilot on or off as well as check its status.  Autopilot commands can be quickly executed using the five buttons at the upper right; you can set the altitude hold to the current altitude, set IAS to the current indicated airspeed, activate the Flight Director, toggle the GPS mode, or turn the autopilot master on or off using these "quick select" buttons.  After you've made your selection, you can then view the autopilot screen and adjust the parameters from there.

Radio Selection Controls

Use this panel to select the radio you wish to tune.  Use the key pad to enter the desired frequency and use the "ENTER" button to activate that frequency in the desired radio.  Use the active/standby switch to toggle between the active and standby frequencies for the selected radio, if applicable.  Use the "SWP" button to toggle between COM 1/2, NAV 1/2, and ADF 1/2.  To check the selected frequencies, use the Radio Display on the MFD.

Radios Display

The selected radio and its frequency are displayed on this screen.  No adjustments can be made to this screen.

VOR/DME, RMI, ADF and Heading Displays

The two navigational displays show course, heading, and glideslope as well as distance to or from a VOR station.  The first screen will show both VOR and ADF needles in a 360 degree display.  The blue needle points to the selected NDB while the white needle points to the selected VOR course.  Either NAV 1 or NAV 2 can be selected for the VOR needle.  The second screen shows an expanded display with just a small section of the compass, also with both VOR and ADF needles shown.  It provides information on localizer/VOR course deviation and shows the distance to/from a VOR station.  NAV 1 should be selected for ILS approaches as NAV 2 does not have a glideslope indicator available.  NAV 2 functions as a simple dual RMI needle, where the selected VOR or ADF needle points directly to the station.

This overview is not comprehensive; experiment to find out what all controls do.